national courts, reservations entered if any, the state institutions, gender budgeting and gender audit of laws. Ratification of Regional/International Human Rights Instruments 30. Namibia has not ratified the following human rights instruments: i. The African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (the Kampala Convention); The African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance in Africa; The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Establishment of an African Court; African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (The Kampala Convention); Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment (OPCAT); ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; vii. The African Union Convention on the Elimination of Mercenaries in Africa; Protocol of the Court of Justice of the African Union; OAU convention governing the specific aspects of refugee problems in Africa The ILO Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples; International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of their Families; viii. ix. x. xi. 31. Namibia has also not made the Declaration under Article 34(6) of the Protocol to the African Court, accepting the jurisdiction of the Court. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 32. The Commission is concerned about: i. ii. iii. iv. v. Challenges associated with access to land and housing especially poor households; Challenges associated with the HIV/AIDS epidemic, tuberculosis, malaria, emerging non-communicable diseases and environmental health; Discrimination and stigmatization practices that limit health care access for vulnerable groups in particular the Lesbian, Gay Bi-sexual and Transgender (LGBT) community, commercial sex workers and other vulnerable groups; Challenges regarding unemployment and national poverty levels; Challenges regarding shortages of skilled and experienced health (doctors, nurses, pharmacists) and social workers. 11