Work (Education and training – Higher education - Employment - Money –
Specialized training – Social services);
Leisure (Youth and Sports - Travel);
Enterprise (General guide – Enterprise creation support mechanisms - Procedures –
Support mechanisms - Intermediation mechanisms – Special culture mechanisms Miscellaneous – Special agriculture and fishing mechanisms).
236. Development of online service platforms: the operation consists of updating the existing
institutional portals and migrating to new portals offering adequate interactive and information
services.36
Article 14:
Right to property
237. Article 52 of the Constitution provides that “private property is guaranteed”. The
Constitution also insists that any expropriation must be lawful and must give rise to prior, just
and equitable compensation (Article 20).
238. These are the two guiding principles of Law No. 91-11 of 27 April 199137 on rules of
expropriation in the public interest. This law lays down the conditions governing expropriation
in the public interest and outlines the relevant procedures for prior, just and equitable
compensation. Under this law, expropriation in the public interest:
- Must constitute an exceptional means of acquiring goods or property rights;
- Is enforceable only if all other solutions have failed;
- Must follow a specific, formal procedure (with an official declaration that it is in the
public interest, an evaluation of the goods and property to be expropriated, and an
administrative deed of transferability, which must include an indication and prior deposit
of the amount of the compensation). Failing a friendly agreement with the
Administration regarding the offer of compensation, the owner may bring the matter
before a court.
239. According to this law, any expropriation enforced outside the permitted cases and
conditions shall be held null and void and constitutes abuse, which, in addition to other penalties
under the law, may give rise to a court order of compensation.
240. Moreover, Section 386 of the Penal Code imposes a penalty of imprisonment and a fine on
“any person who, surreptitiously or by fraud, dispossesses another of immovable property”.
241. This penalty is increased if the dispossession takes place either at night, or with threats and
violence, or through climbing or breaking in, or is carried out by several persons, or if one or
more of the perpetrators is carrying a visible or hidden weapon.
Article 15:
Right to work under equitable and satisfactory conditions
36
Five (5) out of the ten websites selected as pilot websites were received and integrated into the
ELMOUWATIN portal. The process is still ongoing for the other websites.
37
Official Gazette No. 21 of 8 May 1991
39