From 2010 to 2013, the most frequent illnesses encountered with children are: malaria, anemia, diarrhea, malnutrition, acute respiratory infections and traumas. Malaria remains at the top and confirms the evolution of epidemiological data on the 2003-2013 decade. Table N°5: Classification of Encountered Illnesses during Consultation of Children under five Years according to Gender in Decreasing Order from 2010 to 2013 2010 Illness M F T M F T M F T M F T Malaria 31105 280606 9 591665 20569 17815 38384 349371 313945 663316 349425 322302 671727 Anemia 60797 53604 114401 10923 9371 20294 64730 59002 123732 63925 57893 121818 Diarrheas 31045 26932 57977 1761 1448 3209 32838 28794 61632 38033 33710 71743 Malnutrition 4814 4994 9808 980 961 1941 4799 5194 9993 5430 5658 11088 ARI9 11591 104925 8 220843 934 870 1804 134395 123292 257687 140906 129710 270616 Traumas 8099 6660 14759 359 279 638 8680 7200 15880 7599 5818 13417 70351 101450 216298 13381 10827 24208 143147 90463 286767 172320 156144 101152 64657 579171 4 1225745 48907 41571 90478 737960 666755 1404715 777638 711235 148887 Other 2011 8 Year 2012 2013 ill ne ss es Total Source: Health Statistics Yearbook from 2010 to 2013 o Child Mortality: 203 Generally, child mortality rate remains high even if it decreases constantly. According to the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2001-2012, the level of infant/child mortality in Benin goes on decreasing regularly for the last twenty years. One can mention: Overall, one child out of fourteen (70‰) does not reach his/her fifth birthday versus one child out of six (160‰) in 2001 and one out of eight (125‰) in 2006.     204 Out of one thousand male births, 79 die between 0 to 5 years versus 71‰ of girls. The Infant/child mortality rate is clearly higher in rural than in urban areas (83‰ versus 62‰ for the urban complex and 59‰ in Cotonou, the country's main city). According to departments, Alibori (111‰) and Zou (104‰) register the highest levels of infant/child mortality; in contrast, Plateau (53‰) and Mono (56‰) register the lowest levels. Children whose mother is uneducated are running 1.3 times the risk of death between 0-5 years than those whose mother has a primary or junior level (80‰ versus 61‰). According to SITAN 2012, 8 Children met during consultation and hospitalization unlike other years of which data concern only consultations 9 Acute Respiratory Infections