Chart N°1: Gender Classification of Ill-treated Children. Gender Classification (%) of ill-treated children 00 Male 41% Female 59 % Source, TBS Dec 2013; Situation of Vulnerable Children; MFASSNHPTA According to the gender of ill-treated children, the tendency shows the dominance of girls: 59% versus 41%. There is no big gender difference according to the type of illtreatment. Table N°2: Classification (%) of ill-treated children according to the type of illtreatment Type of ill-treatment Corporal punishment Deprivation of Food Threat of Expulsion Burn marks Other types of Ill-treatment Ratio (%) of children answering yes 66.3 23.9 21.8 7.8 14.5 Source, TBS Dec 2013; Situation of Vulnerable Children; MFASSNHPTA Corporal punishment comes at the top with a ratio higher than 50%. Other forms of significant ill-treatments are affronts and or daily insults and curses for every misconduct, threats of beatings. Among 573 children victims of illtreatment, 308 or 53.8% are pupils/students. 118 119 Under the preventive action on violence in school, and in the framework of implementation of the Basic Quality School defined in 2008, norms are implicitly or explicitly set to favor the promotion of the culture of non-violence in schools by implementing a mechanism of protection of students against all forms of school violence", to secure the work environment for students and teachers, to manage efficiently school time, to collaborate with parents of students and other actors of the community. Thus, awareness-raising campaigns are undertaken for a behavioral change regarding the bad effects of corporal punishment. Equally, with UNICEF and the NGO Plan Benin, the Ministry of Pre-school and Primary Education has launched a "Learn without Fear" campaign. Awareness-raising