343. In order to give effect to this provision, teaching programmes on human rights have been designed in some schools, right from the primary school, and the Government, in collaboration with NGOs is translating the main regional and international human rights promotion and prevention instruments into all the national languages. 344. The community radio stations are also carrying out awareness raising campaigns and education in order to ensure that the people understand their rights and duties as provided for in the legislation and the steps to be taken in case these rights are violated. 345. Human rights education in Niger dates back to the era before the advent of democracy with isolated and scattered experiences of some schools and vocational training centres since it did not feature in the curricula. In the light of the profound changes that occurred in the Nigerien society and following the commitment of the country to an irreversible democratic process, today the teaching of Human Rights has become a real instrument for the deepening of democratic ideals, freedom, equality and peace. 346. The teaching manuals of the Ministry of Education have undergone profound reforms for the past ten years. The Nigerien authorities have indicated their commitment to incorporating Human Rights education in the curricula. It is on course to becoming a full-fledged discipline with the design of human rights textbooks in the Nigerien education systems. Thus, the Ministries of Education and Training, with the support of the UNDP and HCHR, have designed human rights education textbooks and also embarked on capacity building of teachers after an experimental phase in Niamey. The notions of tolerance, the culture of peace and non-violence, rights and duties of citizens have been incorporated into the “Civic and Moral Education” sub-programme. 347. The themes contained in the manuals take into account the aims and objectives of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and other legal instruments. 348. As part of the human rights education programme, a training workshop for educational support staff on the modules and Human Rights Education Guides was organised in the Dosso region in August 2019 and it brought together 40 persons including 11 women, made up of educational support staff from the Dosso, Niamey, Tillabéry regions, including senior staff from the Directorate of Classical Primary Education Cycle (DECPC). 349. It must be recalled that in 2014, the Ministry of Primary Education, Literacy and Promotion of National Languages and Civic Education and the Ministry of Justice developed three modules and Human Rights Education Guides (EDH). In 2016, these modules and guides were tested in Niamey and the comments and observations were factored into the process to improve the experimented tools. Thus, the educational support staff in Dosso, Niamey and Tillabéry regions were targeted for the HRE training. 350. Thus, the officers responsible for enforcing the law therefore underwent several training sessions in order to respect and protect human dignity and defend human rights without distinction as to race, colour or national or ethnic origin. 2) Duty to ensure the Independence of the Courts 351. When Niger assumed the duty to promote the independence of the judiciary and in a permanent quest to modernize and perfect the judicial apparatus, the State undertook several legislative and regulatory reforms. 73