and adequate food, potable water… under conditions laid down by law”. In order to ensure that all Nigeriens enjoy this right and in accordance with current international guidelines on development, (SDG 2 aimed among others at: eliminating hunger, ensuring food security, improving nutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture), several actions and reforms have been implemented as part of the 3N Initiative adopted by Decree 2012-139/PRN of 18 April 2012, the overall objective of which is to “contribute to the sustainable protection of the Nigerien population from hunger and malnutrition and provide them with conditions for their full participation in national production and improve their incomes”. 251. As a reminder, the 3N Initiative, the translation of a strong political will to ensure the right to food is built on the gains of the Rural Development Strategy ((2003). It falls within the framework of the implementation of the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP) and the ECOWAS Common Agricultural Policy (ECOWAP) and the UEMOA Agricultural Policy (PAU). 252. The 2016-2020 implementation phase of the 3N Initiative, “Nigeriens Feeding Nigeriens”, resulted in the adoption of a second action plan for the period 2016-2020 focused on 12 strategic programmes. The implementation of these programmes reinforced the initial results obtained in the preceding phase and consolidated the gains. Thus, concerning:  Pillar No. 1 in respect of the increase in and diversification of agro-sylvo-pastoral and fisheries production, five (5) programmes were established, namely: i. Mobilization of water for agro-sylvo-pastoral and fisheries production; ii. Promotion of the pastoral water facilities sub-sector; iii. Development of the agricultural value chains and sub-sectors; iv. Development of the livestock value chains and sub-sectors; v. Promotion of the forest non-wood and fisheries products chains.  On pillar 2 touching on the regular supply of rural and urban markets with agricultural and agri-food products, one (1) programme was established, namely the development of strategic aspects of the value chains and sectors;  On Pillar 3 regarding the improvement of the resilience of the population in the face of climate change, crises and disasters, four (4) programmes have been established, namely: i. Sustainable management of lands and water resources ii. Management of bio-diversity; iii. Access by the most vulnerable people to minimum income, to basic needs and livelihoods; iv. Anticipation and response to the needs of households affected by crises and disasters.  On pillar No. 4 concerning the improvement of the nutritional status of Nigeriens, one (1) programme has been established, namely: improvement of the nutritional status of both male and female Nigeriens.  On Pillar No. 5 concerning the management, coordination of the 3N Initiative and the steering of reforms, one (1) programme has been established, namely: 253. The difficulties that beset the implementation of the 3N Initiative during its initial phase consisted of the imbalance in the financing between the emergency/rehabilitation programmes and the key programmes, with the former funded at over 300% and the latter funded at less than 50%. The actions relating to the improvement of productivity and agricultural incomes through the control of water, the modernization of rainfed farming systems, ensuring the safety of animal production systems, the development of timber and non-timber forest products and sustainable management of lands and ecosystems were under-funded. The 12 strategic programmes adopted in 2016 were aimed at 57