interventions outlined in these plans and strategies in order to improve peoples’ livelihoods. A commendable outcome of this process was GDP growth rates in excess of 6 per cent over eight consecutive years amidst a severe drought and the global financial and economic crisis. Tanzania is to be commended for notable improvement in access to education. Net primary enrolments increased from 59 per cent in 2000 to 87 per cent in 2008, and secondary net enrolments jumped from 6 per cent in 2002 to 30.8 per cent in 2010. xcii. However, at a more fundamental level, the high GDP growth rates have not had a commensurate impact on rural poverty reduction, mostly due to relatively slow growth rates in the agricultural sector. As reported in the CSAR, the MDGs on eradication of extreme poverty, improvement of maternal mortality rates, and provision of improved drinking water sources to the rural population may not be achieved1 by the target date of 2015. 4. CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES xciii. The APR Panel has identified the following eight issues as recurring and interrelated for which Tanzania should adopt a holistic approach because of their wider impact on the quality of governance in all four thematic areas: • Management of diversity and the state of the Union; • Growth, poverty and inequality; • Capacity constraints and implementation challenges; • Land governance issues;  • Natural resource management; • Aid dependency and sustainable development challenges; • Governance within the framework of the EAC and SADC; and, • Low levels of educational quality. 4.1 Management of Diversity and the State of the Union xciv. With the return, in 1992, to a multi-party state, the dual issues of the constructive management of diversity and the state of the Union came to the fore of current debates on public affairs and the future of Tanzania. This future hinges on how constructively these interrelated issues can be managed because they pose inherent challenges and opportunities for moving the country forward with consolidated democracy and people-centered development. The successful management of these issues is critical for the country to sustain its political stability, economic development, and social cohesion among the various ethnic, regional, religious, class, and urban/rural divides. . In a sense, the return to the multi-party state was a strategic response to bottled-up tensions that took the form of economic, political, and socio-cultural pressures for new mechanisms to manage the diversity unleashed by the contradictions of the one-party state, and the departure of Mwalimu Julius Nyerere from the presidency. xcv. The APR Panel notes that the constructive management of diversity in the country cross-cuts and requires action at various intersecting levels, especially the following: xcvi. 1 • cultural (including ethnic, racial and religious); • economic (including social), • political; and, • the state of the Union. The on-going national constitutional review processes must, therefore, be viewed as an opportunity to address and resolve the challenges and important matters arising from the unfolding dynamics of the multi-party state, the neoliberal opening up, and the expansion of economic and socio-political spaces in the country. The review process needs to be transparent and open; encouraging and grounded in the expression of the significant diversities that exist in the country, in ways that previous constitutional reviews had not been. Tanzania Country Report on the Millennium Development Goals 2010, p.vii, Dar es Salaam, 26 September 2011. 13