matters arising from the return to the multi-party state and the adoption of market-driven economy. This means pursuing a redistributive public policy, designed to arrest and reverse deepening social and regional inequalities in the country, and establish more lasting institutional mechanisms and processes to manage diversity in the Union more creatively. 3.2 Standards and Codes I. Summary of the CSAR 105. The CSAR shows that by 2008, Tanzania had ratified several international and regional instruments relating to refuges, psychotropic substances, narcotic drugs, hostage-taking, terrorism, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons, organized crime, nuclear testing, manufacturing and trafficking in firearms and ammunition, the elimination of mercenaries and migration. II. Findings of the CRM 106. International, continental and regional conventions, treaties, charters and declarations are complementary and key building blocks for a democratic and developmental state. Adopting and implementing these commitments enables Africa to confront its governance, democracy and human rights challenges in a concerted and integrated manner at international, continental, regional and national levels. 107. Tanzania has ratified 144 instruments relating to several essential issues for promoting peace and enhancing democracy and development. As reflected in the CSAR, most (104) of these instruments are multilateral, 22 are continental and there are 18 regional ones. (Refer to Annex on Instruments). However, Tanzania has not completed the processes leading to domestication, reports the CSAR. Nineteen (19) instruments were signed but are yet to be ratified, or their status is not indicated (Tables 3.1 and 3.2). A significant amount of time elapses between signature and ratification. For example, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea’s Agreement on Privileges and Immunities was signed in 1998, and ratification is still in progress. This points therefore to the need for the demonstration of the political will and the reinforcement of the institutional capacity to ensure follow up on the domestication process and implementation of international and regional instruments. Table 3. 1 Signed Multilateral Treaties Pending Ratification as at August 2010 No. 1. 2. Name International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, New York, 20 December, 2006 Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organisations of a Universal Character, Vienna, 14 March, 1975 Date of Signature Responsible Institution Status 29/09/2008 Home Affairs Not provided 29/03/1976 Justice Not provided 3. Convention on Cluster Munitions, 2008 03/12/2008 Home Affairs, Defence Not provided 4. Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court, 2002 27/01/2004 Justice, Foreign Affairs Ratification process in progress No signature required Justice, Lands, Foreign Affairs Not provided 17/12/1998 Justice, Foreign Affairs Ratification process in progress 5. 6. Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1994 Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, 1977 Source: Legal Affairs Unit, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, March 2012. 42