effectively coordinating efforts among the different institutions of the national machinery, at various levels; or, in comprehensively mainstreaming gender into all areas of government policy. lll. Recommendations 453. The APR Panel recommends that the United Republic of Tanzania: • Strengthen legal and institutional frameworks to make them more effective in prosecuting perpetrators of gender violence and to provide effective remedies for discrimination and violation of women’s rights, and to victims of violence, including providing medical assistance, psychosocial support, and expanding legal assistance to rural women; [Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, CHRAGG, CSOs] • Reform the legislation pertaining to the age of marriage with a view to eliminating the exceptions that allow for girls to marry at age 14 and boys at 16, and to bring legislation into line with Article 1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child that defines a child as anyone under the age of 18 years; [Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, CHRAGG, CSOs] • Assess the institutional capacities of the national gender machinery: the Ministry of Community Development, Gender and Children for Mainland Tanzania, in particular; the Ministry for Labour, Youth Employment, Women and Children Development for Zanzibar; and, strengthen them with the necessary authority and adequate human and financial resources to promote women’s rights and gender equality; [Ministry of Community Development, Gender and Children for Mainland Tanzania, Ministry for Labour and Employment; Ministry of Social Welfare Youth, Women and Children Development for Zanzibar]; • Enhance mechanisms for women economic empowerment, including providing them with access to resources so that they can increase their yields to lift their households out of poverty; [Ministry of Finance, Prime Minister’s Office ( Investment and Empowerment] • Civic education on the importance of women’s participation in decision making starting at household level; [Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, CHRAGG, CSOs]; and, • Review policies and programmes to identify where and what the bottlenecks facing women entrepreneurs are, and develop and implement specific programmes - with monitoring mechanisms - to strengthen their entrepreneurial potential. [Ministry of Industry, Trade and Marketing]. Objective Eight: Promotion and Protection of the Rights of the Child and Young Persons in Tanzania l. Summary of the CSAR 454. Tanzania has an impressive array of strategic institutions and instruments to protect the rights of children and young persons, with responsibility for children’s welfare split between several ministries. The country is a party to various international and regional instruments for the protection of children’s rights. Tanzania ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) on 10 July 1991, the Optional Protocol to the CRC on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography in April 2003, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child on 16 March 2003, the Minimum Age Convention (MAC) on 16 December 1998, the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention on 12 September 2001, and acceded to the Optional Protocol to the Conventions on the involvement of children in armed conflict in November 2004. 455. According to the CSAR, Tanzania is one of three countries in the world carrying out the Time Bound Programme (TBP) for the elimination of the worst forms of labour. The National Inter-Sectoral Coordination Committee (NISCC) coordinates the various activities and interventions geared at eliminating the worst forms of child labour. 456. It is noteworthy that key documents on international conventions on child rights were translated into Kiswahili. However, most of the international humanitarian laws are yet to be enacted into domestic legislation. 102