(2017) 1 African Human Rights Yearbook 7 59 CONCLUSION Systemic and systematic violations of women’s land and property rights exist in many African countries in the form of statutory and customary laws, policies and practices and social norms that are widely discriminatory. These patriarchal beliefs and ideologies are deeply entrenched in the various ways through which women acquire rights to land and property. Power imbalances and stereotypes within the family and home particularly around the role of women significantly pose threats to realisation of women’s property rights. It is against this backdrop that the African human rights system needs to develop jurisprudence on WLPR based on substantive equality. Given that the jurisprudence of the African human rights system that shows recognition of substantive equality has been limited, there is room for the development of African jurisprudence drawing some of the progressive norms and standards developed by the other treaty bodies.