C. ADMINISTRATIVE MEASURES Police Service 159. Service Instructions and Service Standing orders that interalia aim at ensuring the prevention of arbitrary force in the police service were developed by the State party. These operating instructions are augmented by Section 24 of the Zambia Police Act (to be discussed in the ensuing paragraphs) and Sections 17 and 18 of the Penal Code. Prisons Service 160. Section 22 of the Prisons Act, Chapter 97, ensures that any death in prisons (other than lawful execution) is investigated into by a coroner. This Section acts as a safeguard against extra judicial killings in prisons. Police Public Complaints Authority 161. The State party established the Police Public Complaints Authority (PPCA) following amendments to the Zambia Police Act. The Authority became operational on 7th May 2003 and is tasked with the responsibility of performing the following functions: (a) to receive all complaints against police actions; (b) to investigate all complaints against police actions which result in serious injury or death of a person; (c) to submit its findings, recommendations and directions to: 79