JUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS The FDRE Constitution under Article 78 provides for the establishment of Supreme, High and First Instance courts both at federal and regional levels. The Federal Supreme Court is based in Addis Ababa and includes a cassation bench with the power to review and overturn decisions containing fundamental errors of law issued by lower federal courts and State Supreme Courts. The Federal Supreme Court was established in accordance with the Constitution, while the Federal High Courts and Federal first instance courts were established pursuant to the Proclamation enacted by the House of Peoples Representatives (HPR). To ensure the overall independence of the judiciary, the Constitution authorizes the Federal Supreme Court to draw up the budget for the federal courts and submit it directly for the House of peoples Representatives for approval. Upon approval, the Federal Supreme Court administers the budget. The Judiciary The Constitution deals with the right of access to justice and provides for independence of the Judiciary. It also serves as the basis for the protection of individual rights and freedoms. The impartiality and independence of the courts is the institutional foundation that gives meaning to their functions as the ultimate custodians of justice. Access to an independent judiciary is fundamental to the confidence of individual citizens in the system and motivates them to work towards developing and enriching it. In light of this, there are advocates‟ licensing procedures and code of conduct rules for both advocates and public prosecutors in place to assist in the administration of justice. The government exerts all efforts to ensure that constitutional rights are properly implemented and enforced. Members of the executive branch cannot give instructions to a judge concerning interpretation of the law, or on issues of injunction or concerning the stand a judge should take on any matter of law. Judges are guaranteed protection from being subject to any pressure as a result of any act during the exercise of their power. Ethiopian Judges are well trained, experienced and qualified lawyers and the legal system emphasizes professionalism. The disciplinary code of practice 33