47 Training (STT) of beneficiaries of NFE. In 2012, 42% of those declared literate received STT. These training courses empower, socially and economically, beneficiaries of NFE declared literate. It should also be noted that the two literacy campaigns, conducted in 2012, resulted in the registration of more than 167,000 literate persons, including 153,767 trained according to the chain formula, of whom 103,595 were women. The chain formula enables the learner to be literate in the national language and initiated in oral French after 400 hours. One of the characteristics of literacy education in urban areas is that it was conducted in many cases with the help of Interactive Digital Tables (IDT). The use of IDTs in the non-formal education sub-sector is the product of the exemplary cooperation between Burkina Faso and the French Republic. Higher education At the level of higher education, "student/inhabitant" ratio was 0.00423 during the 2011-2012 academic year for a forecast of 0.00489. In this subsector, the improvement resulted, in 2012, in the start of the construction of 7 halls of 2,500 rooms in the Universities of Ouagadougou, Ouaga II, BoboDioulasso and Koudougou, the approval of the agreement for completion of transformation of the Zogona university campus into offices and laboratories and completion of buildings to be used as lecture halls. Regarding improvement of the quality of higher education, 40 assistant lecturers and 5 researchers were recruited in 2011-2012. The Government also opened university restaurants in Ouahigouya and Fada N'Gourma, and disbursed 5 033,885 million CFA francs for feeding the students and granted scholarships in an amount of 2 876,031 million CFA francs, as well as loans and financial assistance amounting to 4 139,850 million CFA francs and offered transportation at the cost of 188,500 million CFA francs. 4.2.2. Potable water Generally, access to potable water in Burkina Faso has improved over the years. Hence, in rural areas, the rate of access to potable water increased