icies that integrate responsible practices aimed at protecting and improving the lives of workers and the communities in which they do business, into their daily operations. They are also expected to be reporting on progress made towards implementing these practices. 5.2.8 Most CSR reports in Nigeria reflect on the activities of companies operating in the mainstream oil and gas sector. Institutional investors like Pension Fund Administrators, Banks and Insurance companies have little or no record of integrating environmental, social and governance issues into their investment decision- making and ownership practices. Companies in the telecommunication industry, especially GSM operators, only engage in promotional offers which cannot be rated as CSR activities. 5.2.9 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), heretofore regarded as a matter of corporate conscience, addressed by the new code of corporate governance. The new National tax Policy, has introduced a fair regime for deductible donations under the tax laws to enhance the ability of companies to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility. 5.2.10 Through dialogue and education on social awareness, relevant agencies of the Federal Government and some concerned State Governments, have achieved community awareness in holding business corporations responsible for their actions. Shareholders and investors through their Associations and through socially responsible investing are also exerting pressure on corporations to behave responsibly. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Community Based Organizations (CBOs) Human Rights Organizations (HROs) Private Sector Organizations (PSOs) and organized youth associations are playing increasing roles to cause several companies to redefine their collaborations with stakeholders. Multinational Oil and Gas companies in the Niger Delta have of recent started taking CSR seriously, because of the wave of violence and the demands of the restive youths that characterized the later part of 2008. 5.2.11 Similarly, companies operating in the Niger Delta region have started to extend their scope of CSR into skills acquisition programmes aimed at youth 76