b. c. d. e. Paying due compensation to affected communities for all material and non-material damages suffered and for the cleaning and rehabilitation of affected environment in cases of despoliation of the environment;  Bearing civil and criminal responsibility and paying compensation for human and peoples’ rights violations and/or abuses arising from their extractive industrial activities or from activities of those operating on their behalf or for assisting or abating such violations by state or nonstate actors including private security companies;   Contributing to the development needs of the communities in the areas of their operations including through supporting communitybased employment, educational, health, agricultural or pastoral development projects; and  Disclosing the identity of shareholders and local partners, fully declaring profits they make from their operations in the host country and for publicizing all payments that they make to government in terms of the contract and applicable laws of the country. 3.  Urges  States Parties to adopt laws and regulations aimed at easing the transition of affected communities from economic dependence on extractive industries to reliance on other livelihoods when activities of extractive industries are closed down, in line with regional and international human rights laws and principles; 4.  Calls on  States Parties to enforce such requirements where sufficient legislation currently exists including the provision of grievance mechanisms for all cases of violations of rights guaranteed in the African Charter; 5.  Urges States Parties to establish regional mechanisms for:    a. Cooperation and the exchange of good practices between States Parties to strengthen capacities and develop the necessary institutional and legal framework to ensure that mining contracts are negotiated to the benefit of and in consultation with affected individuals, local communities and indigenous populations/communities;  b. Developing capacities for value addition and beneficiation; c. Building regional marketing platforms for assessing the commercial value of the resources exported from their territories; and d. Fighting illicit financial flights common in the extractive industries.  Done in Niamey, Republic of Niger, on 22 May 2017 48 |  African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights