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In Article (80) of this Law, a crucial underlying rule was laid
down, namely exclusion of criminal liability for the child
under 14, presumably on the grounds of conscious and will
inadequacy at this early stage of his life as well as refrain from
taking any measure against children under 7. According to
Article (81), youngsters under 14-18 shall be held liable for
their criminal acts, however, their liability in this case shall not
be full but incomplete, therefore they shall be punished by
lighter penalties i.e. two-thirds less. Further, the Criminal
Procedure Law remedied legal proceedings applicable to
crimes committed by children in Articles 316 to 330 entitled:
"Juveniles' Courts and Protection of Children, the Insane and
Victims". The main facts highlighted in these articles were:
* Designation of a special court for juveniles in each Summary
Court Circuit involving a magistrate judge deputized to it;
* This Court shall be competent to order preventive measures to
be taken regarding juveniles. It shall also be competent to try
youngsters at the age of 14 and those who are not yet 18;
* The status of the child shall be investigated first and then legal
proceedings established at the ordinary misdemeanor court
shall be pursued without prejudice to the application of
provisions on juveniles, which further hold safeguards to the
best interest of the subject juvenile.
* The attendance of an attorney to be chosen by the accused or
appointed by the judge is mandatory. Court sessions shall be
held in the Advice Chamber, and only relatives of the accused,
representatives of the Justice Secretariat and charity societies
interested in juveniles' affairs are allowed to be present;
* Speedy decision on appeals filed against verdicts related to
juvenile cases;
* The supervising judge shall execute rulings issued against the
accused juveniles;
* The legislator stipulates in this respect that the convicted
children serve their sentences in a place particularly designated
for criminally-liable juveniles. This place is governed by a
special system that is intended for their education and
discipline in a way that ensures their rehabilitation to become