C. TRAINING PROFESSIONALS 14. Target groups of the training 14. 1. States must have appropriate and sufficiently funded training to combat sexual violence and its consequences in different professional and state settings and communities. Many groups must receive this training, including but not limited to personnel from police, all state security forces, customs agents and intelligence units, firefighters, and personnel deployed in peacekeeping operations; judges, magistrates, court staff (including clerks, interpreters, and other support staff), paralegals and lawyers; teachers, instructors and others who work in the education sector; medical personnel (including emergency staff), psychologists and social workers; traditional and religious leaders and other stakeholders in religious institutions; personnel in community, sports and cultural organisations; and the private sector. 14. 2. States that are involved in peacekeeping operations must provide mandatory training to all military and civil personnel deployed in these operations before deployment and during missions. 15. Content of the training This training must focus on human rights, including the rights of women and girls; equality in the context of sex and gender; the different types of sexual violence and how to detect and prevent them; the consequences of sexual violence; and the rights and needs of the victims of sexual violence, including those of children and other groups of particularly vulnerable people such as prostitutes and migrant women. Explanatory Notes: African Charter, Articles 2, 3 and 18 (3); Maputo Protocol, Articles 2 (1) and (2) and 4 (2) (d); SADC Protocol on Gender and Development, Article 24 (2008); CEDAW, General Recommendation No. 25, Articles 2 and 5 (a); International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Article 3; United Nations Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 18. D. URBAN AND RURAL PLANNING 16. Urban and rural planning policies and measures States must cooperate with local authorities to create and implement policies and measures, especially urban and rural planning measures, to prevent and combat sexual violence in both public urban and rural areas (for example, in public transportation, schools and universities, shopping areas, sports complexes and playgrounds, in the streets and on roads and highways, and in any other public place where people meet). 17. Identifying unsafe areas States must conduct evaluations to identify areas that are not safe for women and girls, and to establish where they are more susceptible to becoming victims of a sexual attack. States must take the necessary measures in spatial planning, public development and security (increasing police presence and improving public lighting, filling in vacant lots, etc.), to reduce the risk of violence and encourage women and girls to take ownership of public spaces. 18. Training urban designers and architects States must ensure that urban designers and architects are trained in designing public spaces to prevent sexual violence. Steps should also be taken to increase the participation of women in these professions. 22 GUIDELINES ON COMBATING SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES IN AFRICA