f) Protection of children against abuse and ill treatment 61. Article 25 of the Constitution provides: ".... No one shall be subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. "The same Constitution also states in article 44 that" Every child has the right to special measures to ensure or improve the care necessary for his/her well-being, his/her health and physical safety and to be protected from ill treatment, abuse or exploitation ". VI. FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND ALTERNATIVE CARE 62. The Burundian family environment is at three levels: the extended family, the household or family compound and the nuclear family. Following the effects of the socio-political crisis in Burundi since 1993 and the HIV / AIDS pandemic, the family structure has been disrupted to such an extent that there are currently single-parent families as well as a new phenomenon known as child headed households.11 The ever-increasing impoverishment has negatively affected the family structure and has not spared the living conditions of children. Some ended up in / on the streets, neglected by their parents, neglected or abandoned, thus facing exposure to situations of violence, exploitation, discrimination and abuse. a) Parental guidance (art. 20) 63. According to article 30 of the Constitution, "... parents have the natural right and duty to bring up and raise their children". In Burundi, as elsewhere in the world, the child is first and foremost evolving within his nuclear family. It is therefore up to the biological parents to supervise the child in all aspects of human life. 64. In the old days, the extended family and the community participated in the upbringing of the child. With the increasing modernisation of society, other actors are currently contributing to the upbringing of the Burundian child. This is reflected in school, spiritual, cultural and moral guidance programmes and other activities using ICT such as radio, television and mobile telephony ... .. However, the role of parents remains paramount in the supervision of the child with a view to achieving his/her full development in terms of his/her best interests. b) The responsibility of parents (art. 20.1) 65. The responsibility of the parents, as described by Article 30 of the Constitution, is also included in the Code of Persons and the Family in Title X on parental authority defined as "all the prerogatives that the father and mother exercise on the person and assets of the child in his interest "(section 284). Article 289 of the same code also states that "the right of custody entails for the 11 Refers to children who have to assume parental responsibility before the authorised age of marriage. 19