Mapping Children on the Move within Africa Map 9: Overview of returns policy frameworks in Africa (Source: IOM Migration Data Portal) 5.9 Lack of access to health and health services Existing research indicates that children on the move face many challenges especially in respect to their right to health. Many displaced people including children tend to be concentrated in certain places such as camps where the expectation is that they will be supported with water, health services, shelter, education and security. In the camps, these services may be inadequate because access to the services is mostly facilitated through donations which are often less than the demand. For children not residing in camps, the health risks they face is even higher. Essentially although movements do not per se lead to poor health, the way and the context within which people move may lead to poor health.432 For instance, income disparities, alcohol use, separation from family and absence of prevention programmes may lead to poor health.433 During movements, children are also exposed to health risks with the outbreak of several pandemics including measles or water-borne diseases.434 As the health system infrastructure in the countries in the region is largely precarious, international organisations are key providers of such services. As noted by the Committee on the Rights of the Child in General Comment No.6 unaccompanied children are often discriminated against and denied access to food and health services.435 In many instances, migrant child labourers are exposed to adverse working and living conditions which leads to poor health but unlike local children they may not have access to public health services.436 This is attributable to their ‘illegal status’ or inability to raise money to pay for medical services and lack of health insurance.437 Lack of access to health care services to migrant child labourers 432 433 434 435 436 437 IOM, An Analysis of Migration Health in Kenya (2011) P 5. As above. See for instance UNICEF. Burundian refugees: Humanitarian Action for Children. 2016. https://www.unicef.org/appeals/files/HAC_2016_Burundi_Refugees.pdf CRC, General Comment No 6, Para 3. H van de Glind & A Kou, Migrant children in child labour: A vulnerable group in need of attention in IOM, Children on the Move (2013) p 37. As above. 79