case load data for children, case characteristics data and resource data based on juvenile justice indicators in line with international child-rights standards; • should have started to develop a proportionate and gender-sensitive response to offending by girls; • should have put in place regular independent inspections and monitoring of detention facilities by qualified bodies, at times unannounced, with full access to facilities and the freedom to interview children and staff in private; • should have reviewed and developed prevention strategies addressing the root causes of offending, such as poverty and inequality, by emphasising inclusion and access to basic services, with children at particular risk of coming into conflict with the law, being specifically targeted with support services; • should have established a clear child protection policy in closed institutions that is known to all staff, with step-by-step procedures on how allegations and disclosures of violence are to be handled; • - should ensure appropriate reintegration and rehabilitation support services for children in conflict with the law, including through a multi-disciplinary approach involving the social workforce; • should ensure that the specific needs of child victims and witnesses of crime are addressed before, during and after trial. By 2020, the African Children’s Committee • should have elaborated on the juvenile justice system, exploring, for example, the respective responsibility of parents, communities and schools for educating children about wrongfulness or right and wrong. By 2020, research institutions • should have conducted research to identify the background, characteristics and social reintegration needs of girl offenders; • should have carried out research to identify causes, patterns and effects of criminal behaviour of children. 54