This law applies less and less while cases of children transferred to other countries, particularly in West Africa against the consent of their mothers are reported here and there. Also, due to the existence of large numbers of children of Congolese fathers and foreign mothers, it is necessary to review and adapt this legislation. The provisions for alternative care are enshrined in the Law 04-2010 Act of 14 June 2010 on child protection in the Republic of Congo, particularly in Articles 56 and 59. For the government, a child in need of alternative care is a vulnerable child. This means a child who, because of his physical or mental state, psychological, its adverse social and economic status, is subject to all forms of discrimination and / or abuse. According to the 2006 study of the Ministry of Social Affairs, Solidarity, Humanitarian Action and Family, 11 structures were declared orphanages and 10 shelters. All these structures, which are located in the two large cities (Brazzaville and Pointe Noire), acknowledge accommodating full or partial orphans. It appears that the majority of these structures are not officially registered (17%). The law of 1901 that these structures claim to comply with is obsolete and is limited to the requirements for the establishment and operation of associations3. They are usually the work of local and international civil society, religious groups and associations that play an important supportive role and provide protection to orphans and vulnerable children. For their operations, these structures are experiencing huge financial problems. In general, their monthly expenses are between 100,000 and 750,000 FCFA. The material resources available can be summarised in buildings, dormitories with beds with mosquito nets, recreational facilities, health posts. The staff operating in these structures has a school or academic profile that is more general than technical. In view of the above-mentioned difficulties and in order to improve the quality of protection and prevent abuse, the study proposed three priority intervention areas that are:    Strengthening the institutional and legal framework. The focus will be to ensure the publication of the Decree on the terms of creating and opening of private structures for care and accommodation of children, Improving social, family and professional rehabilitation through strengthening human capacity and strengthening financial and material capacities; Support to orphanages and shelters. The competent services should follow the appropriate steps towards family reintegration instead of engaging in orphanages and shelters. Similarly, there is an urgent need to develop a programme of professional rehabilitation for children of working age. In order to ensure that children receive proper care, the Ministry for Social Affairs issued a Decree establishing the conditions and methods of creating and opening private care and accommodation settings of children and a Decree that sets standards of organisation and functioning of these structures. 3 Tribunal de Grande Instance of Brazzaville 49