It is because of the impact of the latter activity (domestic) that it was estimated in 2007, that 71.0% of children aged 5 to 17 years worked during the preceding week of the survey. Housework alone accounted for 69.0% of occupations. The 2011 survey confirms the predominance of domestic work: for children 5-11 years of age, 13.8% worked outside the household against 20.4% for those of 12-14 years. 12.4% of children aged 5-11 years worked in the gold fields or in the family business against 20.3% for those aged 12-14. Housework occupied 53.2% of children aged 5-11 years against 74.7% for children aged 12-14 years. It seems that the age of 12-14 years, chores are culturally mandatory. In terms of gender, girls are more logically involved in domestic work than boys (662.3% for girls against 41.4% for of boys 5-11 years and 78.3% of girls against 64.9% for boys among 12-14 years). By area of residence, rural areas practice more child labour for both 5-11 years and 12-14 years, and in all forms of labour: plantation work or family business (25 6% of children aged 5-11 years against 5.6% in urban areas and 58.0% in domestic work against 47.6% in urban areas). The Percentages vary greatly from one department to another (without any logic), especially in the columns of children 5-11ans. Maybe one should explained it through socio-cultural and economic differences. However, it can be noted that in terms of domestic work for children 12- 14 years, the practice of excessive use (70% and above) is socially evidenced. The rates are particularly high in all departments (from 75 to 86, 7%) except for Brazzaville (65.8%). In Households with children out of school, children from 5- 11 years are less subject to domestic chores (34.6% against 54.6%) but in the age group of 12-14 years, there is very little difference (70.7% for children out of school against 71.7% for school children. However the difference in practice has a clear relationship with the level of education of the mother or the level of household income. The richest least submit their children to work or household chores regardless of their age: 60.5% of household chores for children 5-14 years of poor households against 45.2% for children of the richest households; Similarly, in children aged 12-14 years: 74.6% among the rich and 68.2% among the poorest. It should be noted though that the difference is quite small; indicating that the practice among children aged 12-14 years is deep rooted. Concerning the level of education of the mother, the higher the level is, the fewer children are subjected to domestic chores. This is truer for those aged 5-11 years (67.2% for the uneducated and 47.0% among mothers who attended upper high school level) than among aged 12- 14 years (74.9% for uneducated mothers against 71.1% among mothers who attended upper high school level). The difference is very small; which allows using the above mentioned conclusions about the cultural attachment to domestic work in older children, regardless of the social, cultural or economic household status. 2. Child labour and school attendance Labour is hardly compatible with assiduous and successful school attendance. The risk of dropout and failure is high, especially among children. Yet the DHS 2011 clearly indicates that for the entire population of 5-14 years, 20.1% (or 1 in 5 children) work. The proportion is almost similar for boys and girls (respectively, 19.5% and 20.8%). Even though, the 111