Plan for Sustainable Development, the National Action Plan to Combat Desertification and for Natural Resources Management, the National Strategy and Action Plan on Climate Change and the Water and Sanitation Policy and strategies. B. DUTIES OF THE STATES STIPULATED IN THE CHARTER (Article 25) 1°) The specific duties incumbent on States Parties under Article 25 of the Charter 355. Respect for the rights and freedoms contained in the Charter is a fundamental obligation for each State Party. Chad has incorporated the provisions of the Charter into its national legislation, specifically in Title II of the Chadian Constitution, which deals with freedoms, fundamental rights and duties. This section of the Constitution guarantees, in particular, the equality of all citizens in terms of rights and duties, the right to life, health, education, security and freedom, under the conditions laid down by law. It also prohibits torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. It provides for the presumption of innocence, the right to a fair trial, the protection of the family, youth and older persons, non-discrimination and the right to property, among others. 2°) The duty to guarantee the independence of the courts (Article 26) 356. Under this provision, States parties have a duty to guarantee the independence of the courts. In Chad, this independence is reaffirmed by Article 141 of the Constitution, which provides that “the judiciary is independent of the legislative and executive branches of government”. 357. The independence of judges is provided for in Article 150, which stipulates that “judges on the bench shall be subject only to the authority of the law in the performance of their duties. They enjoy security of tenure”. CHAPTER 5: EFFORTS PROVIDED UNDER THE RIGHT TO HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION 358. With the advent of democracy in 1990, the Government committed itself to promoting human rights and fundamental freedoms in Chad. Among the missions assigned to the First Government was the desire to shed light on cases of massive human rights violations under the dictatorial regime of President HISSEIN HABRE, who ruled Chad from 1982 to 1990. 359. Following the 1993 National Sovereign Conference, the National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) was created to promote human rights and fundamental freedoms in Chad. The CNDH is currently undergoing reform to bring it into line with the Paris Principles. The draft Law on the reform of the CNDH was validated at a workshop held from 4 to 6 November 2015 at the Novotel Hotel in N'Djamena. Page 76 sur 87