Monitoring implementation of governance targets: When monitoring is left to governments, this creates technocratic approaches that are unfeasible in the governance realm, as governance is not necessarily about the nuts and bolts of programme implementation. Governance often embodies qualitative assessments of programmes that require citizens as the intended beneficiaries to close the feedback loop. The APRM national structures not only identify implementation areas of the NPoA but allocate civil society organisations certain responsibilities for jointly implementing and monitoring alongside government where appropriate and monitoring the outcomes. The development dividends of such participatory approaches to monitoring governance processes build ownership and sustainability. The Ghana District Oversight Committees offer insights into citizen led and localised monitoring of APRM outcomes. Citizens volunteer to monitor the NPoA at the subnational level.186 In Uganda, the Uganda Governance Monitoring Project of CSOs identified 32 indicators of the NPoA across the four pillars which they monitored in thematic areas and disseminated findings to citizens. Applying the APRM analytical framework to Governance, Gender and Peacebuilding Priority issues The following section utilises the APRM governance analytical framework and indicators which have potential utility to strengthen the critical linkages that peacebuilding from a gender perspective require. In the spirit of the APRM philosophy, areas of emerging or established good practices in gender and peacebuilding from various countries are highlighted to build better understanding of how African states and peoples are building resilience and innovating around conflict management. 186 UNECA ‘APRM and the Quest for a Developmental State: the Role of CSOs in Implementing the National Programme of Action’ January 2012 E/ECA/CGPP/3/3 67