All the rights and freedoms provided for in the constitution shall enjoy criminal protection, while
any infringement of one of these rights or freedoms shall be considered as an offense, and the
criminal or civil proceedings arising therefrom shall not be subject to any statute of limitations,
with the state committing itself to compensating those affected.
Fourth: Authorities guaranteeing effective enforcement of human rights principles
and available remedies
The levels and means of available remedies vary nationally, regionally and internationally, since
this, rather than the more rigidly inflexible legal texts, is the executive tool that makes the
provisions of human rights principles enshrined in international and regional conventions
effective. At the international level, there are treaty committees formed to implement human
rights conventions to which Egypt is a party, as well as the periodic review mechanism of the
UN Human Rights Council and its special procedures system, with which Egypt interacts
positively.
At the regional level, there is the African Commission on Human and Peoples 'Rights,
established under the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.
At the national level, meanwhile, the judiciary is the primary source of remedy for ensuring the
effective enforcement of all human rights principles and fundamental freedoms, in accordance
with the constitutional and legal principles and rules underpinning the Egyptian legal system.
The national remedies available to individuals in the Egyptian judicial system are as follows:
The Supreme Constitutional Court:
This is an independent, judicial body, with the General Assembly bearing responsibility for its
affairs. Its opinions are taken into consideration in draft laws relating to its affairs.
The Supreme Constitutional Court is exclusively competent to decide on the constitutionality of
laws and regulations; interpret legislative texts, and adjudicate in disputes pertaining to the
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