The Egyptian legislator was keen to introduce legislative amendments to the previous laws in
order to pass the new constitution, to ensure compliance with its provisions, to criminalize
certain acts that constitute violations of human rights, and to impose appropriate penalties in
accordance with international human rights conventions pursuant to Article 151 of the 1971
Constitution and Article 93 of the Constitution of 2014, which ensures the state’s compliance
with international conventions and international covenants on human rights ratified by Egypt,
which have the force of law. These include the Child Act No. 12 of 1996, amended by Law No.
126 of 2008, the Labor Law No. 12 of 2003, the Egyptian Nationality Law 26 of 1975, as
amended by Act No. 154 of 2004, and the Environment Law No. 4 of 1994, amended by No. 9
of 2009, Law No. 64 of 2010 on Combating Human Trafficking , and the Immigration Law No. 82
of 2016, as well as the amendment of some provisions of the Penal Code No. 58 of 1937 and
the Code of Criminal Procedure No. 150 of 1950.
Several laws and resolutions have been issued since 2011 to enforce Egypt's international
obligations under human rights conventions. Among the most important laws issued during this
period are the following:
a. Law No. 10 of 2011 to criminalize acts of intimidation, and disturbance of
the peace.
b. Law No. 11 of 2011 and Law No. 50 of 2014, introducing harsher penalties for crimes of
violence against women.
c. Law No. 34 of 2011 to criminalize the violation of the right to work and vandalism
d. Law No. 111 of 2011 amending the provisions of the Press Law to establish the right to share
information.
e. Law No. 130 of 2011 to approve the electoral system for Egyptians abroad in the general
elections and referenda, and
f. Law No. 14 of 2012 on the Integrated Development of the Sinai Peninsula.
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