respect, love and assist their parents, community as well as the nation. This policy complements the customary/traditional practices that are responsible for the shaping and upbringing of a child. A child is expected to grow up and behave in accordance with certain recognized traditional values that are geared towards the cohesion of the family, clan and community. Respect of parents, superiors and elders, and assisting those in need, are two of the core traditional African values. These values, however, are gradually disappearing as families are dividing into smaller unit with less involvement of the extended family members. One of the main aim as defined in the Education and Training Policy of 1995 is to enable every child to understand the fundamentals of the National Constitution including the enshrined human and civic rights, and the obligations and responsibilities of every citizen. The same policy states that secondary education should enhance further the appreciation of national unity, identity and ethics, personal integrity, respect for and readiness to work, human rights, cultural and moral values, customs, traditions and civic responsibilities and obligations. Tanzania has yet to legislate specifically on issues related to the responsibilities of the child ‘towards his family and society, the State and other legally recognised communities and the international community.’ The challenge is how to balance children’s rights with their concomitant responsibilities on a range of levels, all but one of which (the family) are at some distance from the child’s direct experience. In most instances, there is little likelihood of children’s responsibilities as defined by the Charter being enshrined in legislation, either civil or criminal. Despite this, children’s criminal responsibility at the age of 10 (mainland) and 12 (Zanzibar) under the Penal legislation is defined, as already discussed in this report. For purposes of developing other policies and enacting legislation that recognise the responsibilities of the child, Tanzania must decide on which family, civic and community 74