In Zanzibar, construction works under a major Urban Water Supply Project is about to start on January 2007. The Project will cover all Urban areas of Zanzibar”. · The client service charter for water sector service providers in the Mainland has been in place since 2002. The main purpose is to increase customer awareness of the availability and quality of services provided by the water and sanitation. · The Ministry of Water and Ministry of Health and Social Welfare in collaboration with UNICEF, supported the development of Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) as a key methodology for community-based hygiene, water and sanitation. PHAST has succeeded in promoting hand-washing habits after use of latrines, at the household level and in school especially at the village level. UNICEF also has supported the Participatory Hygiene and Sanitary Transformation (PHAST) progamme in Zanzibar, under the Rural Water Supply and Health Project. The project also includes the digging and construction of hand dug wells installed with hand pumps for Pemba Island Rural communities. HIV/AIDS - The national prevalence of HIV is estimated at 7 per cent.36 According to the 2004/5 TDHS survey there are important differences in HIV prevalence between regions, with the islands of Zanzibar, for example, having a much lower prevalence than elsewhere. Disaggregated data reveals that prevalence is relatively low among 15-19 year olds (2 per cent) but rises sharply in 20-24 year olds (5 per cent) and further still in 25-29 year olds (8 per cent). 37 These figures highlight the importance of preventive interventions for young people, especially young women who are particularly affected. At present only 33 per cent of young men and 41 per cent of young women have comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS; very few young men or women receive life skills training for prevention of HIV; and access to condoms is inadequate. 36 37 THIS, 2003/4 THIS, 2003/4 40