I. Summary of the CSAR 453. The CSAR states that vulnerable groups in Mozambique comprise a sizeable proportion of the population. These include malnourished children (including those in difficult situations); malnourished pregnant women; old people; disabled people (including people disabled by the war); women heads of families with many dependants; victims of natural disasters; former exiles; refugees and displaced people; the unemployed; people with chronic diseases; people unable to work; demobilised ex-combatants; and child heads of families due to various causes, such as those orphaned by HIV/Aids. Such vulnerability has contributed to the high number of beggar children in cities, marginalised and delinquent children, and female prostitutes. 454. The Support Office for Vulnerable People (GAPVU) provides food subsidies. From 1990 to 1994, it included about 70 000 families from urban areas in its programme. For those affected by war and victims of natural disasters, there is an emergency programme in rural areas that distributes free food under the National Institute of Disaster Management (INGC). NGOs also aid in the distribution of food and clothes. The National Institute of Social Security (INSS), which assists workers in cases of disease or maternity, disability or old age, was established in 1988. 455. Although policies exist for the protection of vulnerable people, implementation is constrained by the financial limitations of the state and CSOs to respond adequately to people’s needs. The INSS, for example, provides pensions for invalids and the elderly, as well as a survival pension, but it still does not cover the majority who find themselves in this situation. There is a Strategic Old Age Policy, as well as the recently approved National Plan of Action for the Elderly. It is, however, difficult to convince forsaken old people to live in the institutions created for them. 456. As far as refugees are concerned, Mozambique adheres to the OAU Convention on Refugees of 1969. A Consultative Committee for Refugees exists, which comprises representatives of different institutions: the National Emigration Services, the MAI and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (MINEC), with permanent participation by the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), which is responsible for monitoring the rights of refugees. Refugees receive a monthly support grant from the government. Unfortunately, not all provinces have representation on the National Institute for Refugee Support (INAR). Refugees are now concentrated at Maratane Centre in Nampula, as all previous centres have closed down. Refugees face problems, such as sexual abuse, lack of education, prostitution, orphanage, child labour, lack of employment and lack of housing. 155