tion on Preventing and Combating Corruption in August 2006, followed by the ratification of the UN Convention Against Corruption in December 2006. 403. An anticorruption unit, the UAC, was established within the Public Prosecution Service Office in 2002, but was replaced by the Central Office for Combating Corruption (GCCC) when the Cabinet adopted the Anticorruption Strategy. Unfortunately, the UAC never really took off, a situation indicative of the government’s benign attitude towards corruption at the time. It suffered a setback when the Supreme Court questioned its legal status to initiate prosecutions. Although the GCCC has been operational since 2006, it has not been any more effective than previous institutions dedicated to fighting corruption. The GCCC is weak, its summonses to suspects are ignored, and its operatives are subject to harassment by those being investigated. It is also poorly resourced, as it does not have an independent budget and lacks adequate numbers of suitable personnel. 404. There is no doubt that the battle against corruption in Mozambique faces formidable obstacles caused by, among other things, one-party dominance of the political space; the weakness of the political opposition; blanket association of CSOs working towards anticorruption with the political opposition; the weak legal and institutional framework; and lack of capacity of the Assembly of the Republic to carry out effective oversight. Because the struggle against corruption in Mozambique is against the established order, the road to success lies in a complete overhaul of attitudes at the highest levels of government and at the institutional machinery for confronting it. III. Recommendations 405. The APR Panel recommends that Mozambique should: • Prosecute cases of grand corruption vigorously to serve as a deterrent to offenders [Minister of Justice/Public Prosecutor]; • Publish high-level government officials’ declaration of assets to discourage corruption and restore public confidence in the political leadership [Admin istrative Court]; • Enhance the capacity of the Administrative Court to verify the declaration of assets by public officers [Administrative Court]; • Adopt ethical guidelines to clarify the role of officials in business and strengthen the accountability of government officials to the people [Minis try of Public Administration; MOJ]; and • Adhere to the broad definition of corruption as provided for by the AU Convention on Combating and Preventing Corruption and the SADC Protocol Against Corruption as a matter of legal principle [MOJ]. 143