are legally enforceable. Despite the government putting in place development programmes and enabling policies and laws to guarantee these rights, the majority of Mozambicans do not have adequate standards of living and do not enjoy this important category of rights, mostly due to resource constraints. Right to Education 328. The CRM learnt from the Minister of Education that children’s rights to education are being promoted vigorously. However, women’s illiteracy levels remain high. At the higher educational levels, the presence of girls is less visible – their enrolment in secondary school has been estimated at 9 per cent. Adult literacy grew to 48.1 per cent in 2005.17 Churches are helping with programmes for promoting adult literacy. Right to Health 329. The Constitution guarantees the right to medical care and healthcare for citizens. The government has made progress in providing health services to the population. The Ministry of Health (MISAU) informed the CRM that, over the last ten years, there has been a reduction in infant mortality. Vaccination campaigns carried out in 2005 and 2008 have reduced polio by 9 per cent, although this rate is not deemed fast enough. Maternal mortality, which is still a major cause of death in women, is highlighted in the 2006–09 Plan of Action for the Reduction of Absolute Poverty (PARPA II). The MISAU reported a loss of about 11 pregnant women a day during the delivery process. Few surveys have been carried out with regard to maternal mortality; the last was conducted in 2003 and the next survey is due in 2011. The prevalence rate of HIV/Aids remains high at 16 per cent and HIV/Aids-related deaths impact negatively on the productive labour force, as the rate of infection among the youth is high. 330. There has been notable success in providing healthcare for persons living with HIV/Aids. Although all 128 districts in the country are receiving healthcare, the magnitude of the problem remains quite high and the key is seen to be prevention rather than treatment. Regarding HIV/Aids, stakeholders felt that testing facilities should be free. Some health units charge fees, which prohibits the population from going for tests and so hampers the fight against HIV/Aids. 331. Malaria and cholera have also posed a public health hazard. Even though malaria continues to be a colossal challenge and is the number one killer, like in most other African countries it tends to be given second-level priority compared with the HIV/Aids pandemic or other epidemics, such as cholera. On the other hand, while the capacity to diagnose tuberculosis is improving, the provision of healthcare services is stretched by the increase in tuberculosis due to HIV/Aids. 17 Ibid. 124 A P R M COU N T RY R EV IEW R EP ORT NO. 11