AFRICA’S GOVERNANCE RESPONSE TO COVID-19 | PRELIMINARY REPORT 2020 SPECIFIC NATIONAL LEVEL RESPONSE TO COVID-19 At the national level, AU member states have either deployed existing legal and institutional mechanisms or established new ones to respond to the pandemic. These mechanisms have administered various response measures, which fall in four categories: 1. legal and institutional mechanisms, 2. disease prevention and containment measures, 3. social and humanitarian measures, and 4. fiscal and monetary measures. From a governance perspective, it would be useful to examine the processes by which these measures are imposed and implemented (for instance, are these processes participatory?), whether they are effective in terms of ensuring desirable outcomes, how they are impacting the enjoyment of human rights, whether they ensure the equal treatment of citizens, and whether they facilitate the accountability of government to the public. Figure 16 below is an overview of the degree to which various member states of the AU have implemented the four measures and policy responses. The figure shows that apart from a few countries (numbered 1), most have instituted all four categories of measures (numbered 4). Figure 16: Scope of measures by Member States 32